By James Sunday, FCAI, MNIIA
What is dual citizenship? Is it allowed by law in Nigeria? And what do migration experts think about it?
We live in a globalised world, a world increasingly without borders due to advances in technology, freedom of movement, and the recognition of the right to mobility. Yet, as a researcher and expert in migration management and intelligence, I must point out that opinions differ. The truth, however, is that dual citizenship often represents divided loyalty, a person’s allegiance being split between two nations. This raises legitimate concerns about loyalty, security, and accountability.
The Legal Position
Chapter 3, Section 28 of the Nigerian Constitution provides clarity on the matter. It allows a Nigerian citizen by birth to acquire citizenship of another country. However, for anyone who becomes a Nigerian citizen through registration or naturalisation, the law requires them to renounce their former citizenship within a specified time frame, except where they are also a citizen of that other country by birth.
Thus, dual citizenship in Nigeria is constitutional, but only under specific circumstances.
The Challenges and Loopholes
Experts and moral observers have noted the gaps and abuses associated with dual citizenship. There is a growing concern that individuals with dual nationality can exploit their status to evade justice. For instance, some under probe or investigation have taken advantage of a second passport to escape lawful restrictions, frustrating investigations and undermining the justice system.
To address this loophole, there is a need for a review of Nigeria’s dual citizenship provisions. Specifically, under certain circumstances, individuals could be stripped of their second nationality to prevent them from circumventing the law when facing investigation or lawful restrictions.
Policy Recommendations
As an advisory measure, when individuals under investigation are discovered to hold dual citizenship, they should be required to submit both passports. Similarly, if someone claims to be a single-nationality citizen, they should provide a written declaration affirming this status. Such measures would help prevent the misuse of dual citizenship to evade lawful restrictions.
Furthermore, it should be a matter of policy that anyone aspiring to contest elections or be appointed to high-profile government positions must declare their citizenship status, with the Nigeria Immigration Service formally notified. This will help check abuse during and after service, ensuring that individuals cannot escape accountability by relying on a second passport.
Why People Choose Dual Citizenship
From research, many people pursue dual citizenship for reasons such as relocation, education, access to healthcare, marriage, social benefits, political stability, or economic opportunities. While these are legitimate reasons, the state must balance individual rights with national security and public interest.
Conclusion
Dual citizenship is a legal reality in Nigeria, but it comes with risks and responsibilities. The government must act to close the gaps that allow abuse, particularly in cases of individuals under probe or investigation. A stronger framework will protect national interests while still respecting the rights of Nigerians who hold citizenship in more than one country.