By: Bunmi Yekini
The 31st annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) showcased groundbreaking advances in HIV science from March 3-6, 2024, in Denver, Colorado. However, discussions highlighted the ongoing inequities that threaten the success of scientific progress, with participants emphasizing the need for community-led solutions.
Barney Graham, in his opening session lecture, explained how insights gained from HIV structure research were key in accelerating understanding of SARS-COV-2, enabling the development of COVID-19 vaccines. Julie McElrath echoed these sentiments, summarizing two decades of HIV vaccine research. “The key strategies moving forward include inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies, supplementing with CD8+ T-cell responses, and delivering antibodies as passive protection while refining vaccine designs,” McElrath said.
Exciting developments were also presented on HIV prevention, including a new formulation of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB) that could extend intervals between doses from two to four months. “This could potentially turn CAB into a three-dose annual intervention, significantly reducing the burden on individuals,” a ViiV representative noted.
Studies on DoxyPEP, an antibiotic used as post-exposure prophylaxis, also gained attention, with findings suggesting reduced incidence of some sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) persist. “More data is needed on the impact of DoxyPEP, particularly in low-income countries and among cisgender women,” said a researcher from the DoxyVAC study.
In a moving plenary, Nelly Mugo from the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) stressed the need to link scientific advances with community engagement, particularly in the fight against human papillomavirus (HPV). “We must ensure access to lifesaving HPV vaccines for people living with HIV,” Mugo urged, calling for global leadership to bridge inequities in healthcare access.